Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

定距螺旋桨对船用主机外特性的要求分析

为解决定距螺旋桨与船用主机在船舶运行工况的机桨匹配问题,结合船舶系泊和航行试验的相关标准,分析和归纳船舶运行数据,将实船测试与船机桨匹配理论计算相结合,得出运输船和拖轮在常用工况及特殊工况下定距螺旋桨对主机外特性的定量要求,为配套不同细分市场时船用主机的优化和开发提供参考依据。     

5 000 t公务船调距桨桨叶数选型研究

针对国内外调距桨桨叶数选型依靠经验为主，对不同桨叶数对推进器整体性能的影响始终缺乏定量分析的现状，以某5 000 t公务船为目标船型，通过调距桨分别配置不同的桨叶数，分析不同桨叶数对目标船型综合性能的影响。总结了公务船调距桨桨叶数选型的方法，归纳了不同叶数调距桨的优劣，可为后续新造船桨叶数的选取提供参考。     

Numerical modeling of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator in a spar‐type floating wind turbine considering fault conditions and their effects on global dynamic responses

This paper deals with numerical modeling of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator and its effect on the dynamic responses of a floating spar‐type wind turbine under valve fault conditions. A spar‐type floating wind turbine concept is modeled and simulated using an aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool (Simo‐Riflex [SR]). Because the blade pitch system has the highest failure rate, a numerical model of the hydraulic blade pitch actuator with/without valve faults is developed and linked to SR to study the effects of faults on global responses of the spar‐type floating wind turbine for different faults, fault magnitudes, and environmental conditions. The consequence of valve faults in the pitch actuator is that the blade cannot be pitched to the desired angle, so there may be a delay in the response due to excessive friction and the wrong voltage, or slit lock may cause runaway blade pitch. A short circuit may cause the blade to get stuck at a particular pitch angle. These faults contribute to rotor imbalance, which result in different effects on the turbine structure and the platform motions. The proposed method for combining global and hydraulic actuator models is demonstrated in case studies with stochastic wind and wave conditions and different types of valve faults.     

大螺距连续螺旋折流板换热器制造工艺研究

针对大螺距连续螺旋折流板螺旋升角大、成型困难的问题，分析了连续螺旋板成型的基本原理，提出了螺旋导向+热成型+周向力的成型方案，设计制造了连续螺旋折流板压制成型模具，压制过程中通过模具转动得到了一个完整周期的连续螺旋折流板；分析了大螺距连续螺旋折流板钻孔加工的难点，提出了采用数控加工中心铣削加工的方案。通过合理的刀具选择和装夹设计加工出了连续螺旋折流板，解决了大螺距螺旋面管孔加工问题，为大螺距连续螺旋折流板的成型及加工提供了借鉴。     

Synthesis of photoluminescent SiC-SiOx nanowires using coal tar pitch as carbon source

SiC-SiOx nanowires (NWs) with core-shell and chain-bead structures were synthesized via a catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route without Ar gas, using silicon and coal tar pitch powders as raw materials. The SiC-SiOx NWs with sharp tips formed by solid-vapor between Si (s) and CO (g) or C (s) and SiO (g), liquid-vapor between Si (l) and CO (g), and vapor-vapor between SiO (g) and CO (g) growth process along the [111] direction. The NWs were several millimeters in length, and the average diameters of the chains and beads were 40–90 nm and 325 nm, respectively. The obtained NWs had good blue-green photoluminescence property owing to the stacking faults and amorphous SiOx. This novel CVD route is simple, low cost and suitable for large-scale production.     

Critical assessment of thermodynamic properties of important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in coal tar pitch at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process

Because of the importance of thermodynamic behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in coal tar pitch carbonization process, a thermodynamic model for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of PAH compounds is developed. Heat capacity functions as well as standard thermodynamic properties of PAHs in solid, liquid, and gas states are estimated using modified group additivity algorithms first proposed by Richard and Helgeson and thermal physical data of those PAHs for which enough experimental data exists in the literature. For the first time, initial calculated thermodynamic properties of PAHs are optimized by applying the CALPHAD (CaLculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach where all thermodynamic data are rendered consistent with phase transitions and vapor pressure data. The heat capacity function of PAHs exhibiting thermal anomaly behavior is modeled as a specific case. This modeling is performed using an order-disorder approach with the Compound Energy Formalism (CEF). Good agreement has been obtained between the predicted thermodynamic properties of PAHs and available experimental data. The proposed model has improved the predictive capacity compared to that of the previous models predicting thermodynamic properties of PAHs at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process. The application of the model to predict the thermodynamic properties of major and high molecular weight PAHs available in coal tar pitch has been discussed.     

基于集员未知输入观测器的风力机桨距执行器故障诊断

风力机一般放置在恶劣的环境中,其桨距执行器极易出现故障。文中针对一类含有未知但有界干扰和噪声的风力机系统的桨距执行器故障问题,设计了集员未知输入观测器对桨距的执行器故障进行检测并分离。采用气动机理和现代辨识原理建立风力机系统模型,通过优化未知输入观测器设计对系统中的干扰解耦,基于中心对称多胞体估计不考虑故障时残差的区间包络,并将其作为残差估计的上下动态阈值,实现状态估计。在上述基础上提出了利用一组集员未知输入观测器进行故障诊断的策略。仿真结果表明,在实验过程中,文中所设计的集员未知输入观测器准确地诊断出了风力机桨距执行器的3阶和5阶线性系统在发生突变故障和缓慢时变故障的时间和位置,证明了所提故障诊断策略的有效性。     

聚乙二醇改性脱除煤沥青中3,4-苯并芘

以聚乙二醇为改性剂,研究在溶剂条件下降低煤沥青中3,4-苯并芘的工艺。研究表明,当混合溶剂V环己烷∶V甲苯=2∶1为反应溶剂、硫酸用量为煤沥青质量的6.67%、聚乙二醇600用量为煤沥青质量的10%、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为5h时,3,4-苯并芘降低率为85.59%。     

基于NMPC-PID的大型风力机独立变桨控制

大型风力机的不平衡载荷会使叶片断裂,造成事故从而减短其使用寿命。针对大型风力发电系统在高风速区的不平衡载荷问题,提出一种NMPC-PID的独立变桨载荷控制方法。非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)用于及时调整风机桨叶的桨距角,PID控制则用于消除塔架振动的影响。运用机制方法在仿真平台搭建风力发电系统模型,运用所提控制策略进行仿真实验,并在两种情况下与模型预测控制方法(MPC)进行对比,验证了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。